NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE The Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence and Radiation Energy Transfer and the Structure of Atmospheric Boundary Layer over the Northern Slope Area of Himalaya

The mountains of Himalayas are the important channels for the mass exchange between surface layer of Northern Hemisphere and troposphere. The mountains relate surface layer atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau and the above free atmosphere through many atmospheric circulation systems including mountain-valley wind and glacier wind etc. Mt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) is the highest peak in the world, and its nearby region is a representative case of mountains of Himalayas. Firstly the back ground of the establishment of the Qomolangma Station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (QOMS/ CAS) and the role of the station in the study of the atmosphere-land interaction over Himalayan area were introduced in this paper. Then some preliminary observational analysis results, such as the structure of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) and the characteristics of the atmospheric turbulence and the radiation energy distribution were shown. The results showed that: The excess resistance to heat transfer kB 1 has obvious diurnal variations with lower values in the night and higher values in the daytime; The low frequency perturbations have a large influence on the spectra variation of all wind components, but mid frequency perturbations have only influence on the spectra variation of vertical wind components and also alter the co-spectra of momentum and sensible heat flux under near neutral stratification; The downward shortwave radiation over this area are obviously larger than that in other areas; There is very clear constant layer of potential temperature existing in the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma area around 12:00 (Beijing Standard Time, BST) in May, and the layer is about 2,200 m during the period over this area. In comparison with study results from other areas, some uniqueness and commonness of the Himalayan region are clearly identified.